Skoll Foundation
The Skoll Foundation was created by Jeff Skoll in 1999 to pursue his vision of a sustainable, peaceful and prosperous world. Jeff believes that strategic investments in the right people can lead to lasting social change. The Skoll Foundation’s mission is to drive large-scale change by investing in, connecting and celebrating social entrepreneurs and other innovators dedicated to solving the world’s most pressing problems. Social entrepreneurs are proven leaders whose approaches and solutions to social problems are helping to better the lives and circumstances of countless underserved or disadvantaged individuals. By identifying the people and programs already bringing positive change around the world, the Skoll Foundation empowers them to extend their reach, deepen their impact and fundamentally improve society.
Invest
The Skoll Foundation invests in social entrepreneurs through the Skoll Awards for Social Entrepreneurship. These three-year awards support the continuation, replication or extension of programs that have proved successful in addressing a broad array of critical social issues: tolerance and human rights, health, environmental sustainability, institutional responsibility, peace and security, and economic and social equity. Within these areas, the Foundation is particularly interested in innovators working on climate change, water scarcity, pandemics, nuclear proliferation and Middle East conflict.
Connect
The Skoll Foundation connects social entrepreneurs with people and resources through a number of academic, business and community channels which serve to advance the work of individual entrepreneurs, as well as the field of social entrepreneurship as a whole. To further academic study and build knowledge of the sector, the foundation launched the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship in November 2003 at the Saïd Business School at Oxford. The Centre funds five Skoll Scholars who participate in the full Saïd MBA program as well as Skoll Fellows who do research in and teach social entrepreneurship. The Foundation and Centre convene at Oxford the annual Skoll World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship, bringing together the world’s foremost practitioners and thought leaders in social innovation.
To foster connections online, the Skoll Foundation supports Social Edge, where social entrepreneurs, nonprofit professionals, philanthropists and others in the social sector connect to network, learn, inspire one another and share resources. The site strikes a balance between the visionary and the practical, with spirited discussions, online workshops and access to resources and experts.
Celebrate
The Skoll Foundation celebrates social entrepreneurship and social innovation through film and broadcast partnerships designed to spread the stories of social entrepreneurs. Partnering with leading content and distribution networks, including, among others, the PBS Foundation Social Entrepreneurship Fund, The Sundance Institute, and Rockhopper TV, the Foundation supports filmmakers, documentarians and other journalists produce works that tell the stories of individual social entrepreneurs and promote large-scale public awareness of social entrepreneurship.
2009년 12월 31일 목요일
Stanford Social Innovation Center
Stanford Social Innovation Center
Welcome to the Stanford Social Innovation Review! We invite you to learn more about SSIR by taking a tour or browsing articles from past issues. We hope that you will find SSIR a provocative, practical, and powerful resource. If so, please join the exceptional community of SSIR readers by subscribing.
Our mission at SSIR is to share substantive insights and practical experiences that will help those who do the important work of improving society do it even better.
The work of SSIR is guided by our values. "Social innovation" stands in our name for a reason: to remind our authors, our audience, and ourselves that this journal's purpose is to lead in the search for new and better ways of improving the lot of the world.
We seek to strike a balance between the pragmatic and the intellectual, to embrace no predefined political ideology, and to champion the interests of no single constituency. Instead, we will broker conversations, ask hard questions, disseminate the fruits of rigorous research, and present real-life case studies.
Our contributors are a diverse group of world-class faculty, thought leaders, and executives. Our readers are leaders in the fields of nonprofit management, corporate social responsibility, social entrepreneurship, and philanthropy. We write for a community of professionals, united in their desire to build enduring organizations and to promote innovative solutions to social problems.
Let us introduce you to the team of faculty and thought leaders who ensure the editorial excellence of SSIR. In addition to our editorial staff, we are guided by an editorial council and advisory board of academics and practitioners.
Welcome to the Stanford Social Innovation Review! We invite you to learn more about SSIR by taking a tour or browsing articles from past issues. We hope that you will find SSIR a provocative, practical, and powerful resource. If so, please join the exceptional community of SSIR readers by subscribing.
Our mission at SSIR is to share substantive insights and practical experiences that will help those who do the important work of improving society do it even better.
The work of SSIR is guided by our values. "Social innovation" stands in our name for a reason: to remind our authors, our audience, and ourselves that this journal's purpose is to lead in the search for new and better ways of improving the lot of the world.
We seek to strike a balance between the pragmatic and the intellectual, to embrace no predefined political ideology, and to champion the interests of no single constituency. Instead, we will broker conversations, ask hard questions, disseminate the fruits of rigorous research, and present real-life case studies.
Our contributors are a diverse group of world-class faculty, thought leaders, and executives. Our readers are leaders in the fields of nonprofit management, corporate social responsibility, social entrepreneurship, and philanthropy. We write for a community of professionals, united in their desire to build enduring organizations and to promote innovative solutions to social problems.
Let us introduce you to the team of faculty and thought leaders who ensure the editorial excellence of SSIR. In addition to our editorial staff, we are guided by an editorial council and advisory board of academics and practitioners.
REDF
REDF
REDF’s business discipline and focus on results drive our efforts to create jobs for those who are most disconnected from the workforce.
Using the practices of venture philanthropy, REDF (formerly The Roberts Enterprise Development Fund) creates job opportunities through support of social enterprises that help people gain the skills to help themselves.
Because of our work and the work of the organizations in which we invest, thousands of people’s lives are transformed.
By building the capacity of high-performing nonprofit organizations to operate business ventures that provide employment and hope, our enterprising approach has placed over 3,700 people in jobs and helped them stay employed.
The remedy for homelessness and poverty
Sometimes, when people pass a person on the street who is down and out, they think, "that person should get a job."
But how many of us would offer them a job? The social enterprises that we support actually do.
At REDF, we agree that employment can be the best remedy for poverty and homelessness. Even though they are eager to work, many people find entering and staying in the work force can be extremely difficult because of major challenges such as homelessness, limited education, drug or alcohol dependency, criminal record, physical and/or mental health issues.
REDF creates job opportunities
In the San Francisco Bay Area, we help create jobs and job opportunities for those who face the greatest barriers to work, giving them a chance to thrive.
We provide a carefully selected portfolio of social purpose ventures with start-up capital and link them to business and philanthropic networks. We also share business advice through our experienced staff and MBA interns and fellows.
We help these enterprises balance their double bottom line – producing revenue by delivering valued goods and services, while also employing those who would otherwise face extremely limited job prospects.
We support and document model approaches that can be expanded and shared around the country. We disseminate practical tools to help others replicate these efforts.
REDF measures impact to help improve outcomes for social ventures and the people they employ
We measure the outcomes of our work to be sure that every dollar invested through REDF delivers high social and financial return.
Our social and financial metrics demonstrate that investments in social enterprises benefit the individual and the community.
REDF builds skills, leadership, and infrastructure in the business and social sectors
We share what we have learned with the broader communities of business, philanthropy, and government, as well as the nonprofits we fund, to strengthen the field and motivate greater investment.
We develop future business and nonprofit leaders through the Farber Interns and Fellows Program for MBA candidates and graduates.
A central part of REDF’s strategy is to increase the impact of social enterprises by strengthening their relationships with the business community. We create productive partnerships among business people, nonprofits, government, and philanthropists.
In every aspect of its work, REDF cultivates networks of people and institutions that create lasting solutions to joblessness.
REDF’s business discipline and focus on results drive our efforts to create jobs for those who are most disconnected from the workforce.
Using the practices of venture philanthropy, REDF (formerly The Roberts Enterprise Development Fund) creates job opportunities through support of social enterprises that help people gain the skills to help themselves.
Because of our work and the work of the organizations in which we invest, thousands of people’s lives are transformed.
By building the capacity of high-performing nonprofit organizations to operate business ventures that provide employment and hope, our enterprising approach has placed over 3,700 people in jobs and helped them stay employed.
The remedy for homelessness and poverty
Sometimes, when people pass a person on the street who is down and out, they think, "that person should get a job."
But how many of us would offer them a job? The social enterprises that we support actually do.
At REDF, we agree that employment can be the best remedy for poverty and homelessness. Even though they are eager to work, many people find entering and staying in the work force can be extremely difficult because of major challenges such as homelessness, limited education, drug or alcohol dependency, criminal record, physical and/or mental health issues.
REDF creates job opportunities
In the San Francisco Bay Area, we help create jobs and job opportunities for those who face the greatest barriers to work, giving them a chance to thrive.
We provide a carefully selected portfolio of social purpose ventures with start-up capital and link them to business and philanthropic networks. We also share business advice through our experienced staff and MBA interns and fellows.
We help these enterprises balance their double bottom line – producing revenue by delivering valued goods and services, while also employing those who would otherwise face extremely limited job prospects.
We support and document model approaches that can be expanded and shared around the country. We disseminate practical tools to help others replicate these efforts.
REDF measures impact to help improve outcomes for social ventures and the people they employ
We measure the outcomes of our work to be sure that every dollar invested through REDF delivers high social and financial return.
Our social and financial metrics demonstrate that investments in social enterprises benefit the individual and the community.
REDF builds skills, leadership, and infrastructure in the business and social sectors
We share what we have learned with the broader communities of business, philanthropy, and government, as well as the nonprofits we fund, to strengthen the field and motivate greater investment.
We develop future business and nonprofit leaders through the Farber Interns and Fellows Program for MBA candidates and graduates.
A central part of REDF’s strategy is to increase the impact of social enterprises by strengthening their relationships with the business community. We create productive partnerships among business people, nonprofits, government, and philanthropists.
In every aspect of its work, REDF cultivates networks of people and institutions that create lasting solutions to joblessness.
Blended Value 퍼즐 맞추기 "동쪽하늘"
- 이름: 박동천, Dongcheon Park
- 전공: 사회복지(정책)
- 생년월일: 1982.03.03
- 과거
- 2006, 서울대 CSR 학생 연구회 <SNUCSRNETWORK> 설립 (www.snucsr.com)
- 2008, 서울대 사회적기업 학생 연구회 <WISH> 공동설립 (www.wishgroup.or.kr)
- 현재: SRI/ESG 리서쳐, (주) 서스틴베스트 (www.sustinvest.com)
Blended Value 퍼즐 맞추기에 도전하다.
개인적인 20대 청년기의 목표입니다. CSR, SRI, Social Capital, Social Enterprise라는 Blended Value의 네 가지 축에 관계된 모든 퍼즐을 맞추려고 합니다. 기존의 일반적 비즈니스와 투자 섹터의 혁신과 사회적 기업 및 사회적 투자라는 새로운 형태의 비즈니스가 만나 구성될 미래의 경제 사회를 준비하고 싶습니다. 서울대 CSR 네트워크라는 동아리를 설립하며, 기업의 사회적 책임 및 지속가능경영이라는 한 축을 먼저 시작했습니다. 이듬해 WISH를 만들며 좀 더 사회적 목적을 가진 새로운 형태의 혁신 비즈니스를 공부하고 관련 활동을 펼쳐보았습니다. (주)서스틴베스트에 입사하면서 사회적/환경적 영향을 통합하는 새로운 투자를 접하기 시작했고, 이제는 ESG 애널리스트로서 SRI 전문가로서 활동하고 있습니다. 20대가 얼마 남지 않았지만 이제 사회적 투자/금융에 대한 활동에도 관심을 가지고 해보려고 합니다. 무엇이 될지는 모르겠지만.
청년/대학생이 혁신하는 사회
주로 대학 시기에 활동을 펼쳐온터라 대학생들과 청년들이 어떤 생각을 하고, 어떤 진로를 만들어가야 하는지에 관심이 많습니다. 특히 Blended Value와 관련된 혁신 비즈니스 속에서 자신의 커리어 기회와 비즈니스 기회, 학업의 기회를 찾는 대학생들이 늘어났으면 하는 바람이 큽니다. 이에 대학생들이 아무 고민없이 혁신만을 생각하며 관련 활동을 펼칠 수 있는 대학생 놀이터를 만들어보고 싶습니다. 현재 주변 동료들과는 바로 이 대학생 플랫폼 구축 프로젝트를 진행 중에 있습니다.
| 관심 활동 분야 |
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| 소셜 미디어 공간 |
|
Copenhagen Evangelist 프로젝트
물론 구속력 있는 합의 도출 실패로 실망감을 안겨주기도 하였지만, 기후정상회의(COP15) 자체에 대한 지속적인 관심은 필요하다고 느끼고 있습니다.
특히 대학생을 비롯한 청년들의 기후변화 일반과 새로운 기후 거버넌스 논의를 위한 기후정상회의에 좀더 관심을 가질 수 있다면 더 나은 미래를 맞이할 수 있을 거라는 믿음도 가지고 있습니다.
이에 저희 UI팀은 코펜하겐의 생생한 현장 소식이나 영상, 사진들은 물론, 기후정상회의에 대한 일반적인 정보, 뉴스들을 담은 팀블로그를 운영합니다.
현재 스웨덴 웁살라 대학에서 수학 중인 팀원, 심창현 학생이 보내오는 현장의 뜨끈뜨끈한 정보를 대한민국 청년들과 나누었으면 하는 바람입니다.
또한 기후회의가 종결된 이후에도 지속적으로 기후회의를 알리고, 기후변화와 관련된 좋은 정보를 가볍게 공유할 수 있는 블로그를 운영하도록 하겠습니다.
UN 기후정상회의 공식 웹사이트 바로가기
블로그 바로가기
Hub Bay Area
Hub Bay Area
The Hub is a coworking space, event series, and professional toolset for changemakers!
During the day, The Hub is a dynamic, collision-rich workspace designed by its Members and the wisdom gleaned from Hub communities throughout the world. Social innovators in the Bay Area are leaving their sterile offices, noisy cafes, and isolated living rooms to work alongside diverse peers in a professionally hosted environment. They choose The Hub because it’s where they find the access, tools, community, and inspiration they need to transform their ideas into action.
At night, The Hub transforms into an event platform for member driven
collaborations, lectures, screenings, innovation labs, and some of the most compelling and imaginative minds from around the world.
We opened the first Hub in the United States in Berkeley at the David Brower Center and will follow with a San Francisco Hub in 2010. Our goal is to build a network of Hubs throughout the Bay Area to connect innovators from Silicon Valley to the City to the East Bay. We invite you to become a member of The Hub; where you will find your next project, partner, funder, or muse.
The Hub is a coworking space, event series, and professional toolset for changemakers!
During the day, The Hub is a dynamic, collision-rich workspace designed by its Members and the wisdom gleaned from Hub communities throughout the world. Social innovators in the Bay Area are leaving their sterile offices, noisy cafes, and isolated living rooms to work alongside diverse peers in a professionally hosted environment. They choose The Hub because it’s where they find the access, tools, community, and inspiration they need to transform their ideas into action.
At night, The Hub transforms into an event platform for member driven
collaborations, lectures, screenings, innovation labs, and some of the most compelling and imaginative minds from around the world.
We opened the first Hub in the United States in Berkeley at the David Brower Center and will follow with a San Francisco Hub in 2010. Our goal is to build a network of Hubs throughout the Bay Area to connect innovators from Silicon Valley to the City to the East Bay. We invite you to become a member of The Hub; where you will find your next project, partner, funder, or muse.
Schwab Charitable
Schwab Charitable
Schwab Charitable is dedicated to increasing the effectiveness of American philanthropy. To that end, we offer Schwab Charitable Fund, a leading national donor-advised fund, and Charitable Trust Services.
Through the generosity of our donors, Schwab Charitable has raised over $3 billion for philanthropy, issuing more than 200,000 grants to over 35,000 public charities--a total of over $1 billion distributed to charities throughout the country.
We have developed a strategic approach to philanthropy to help you frame, develop, and fulfill your charitable goals. And we work hard to provide you with intelligent, useful, and ethical advice, delivered in the way that works best for you: we offer technologically advanced options for managing your philanthropy online, but we also have a helpful, knowledgeable staff ready to answer any questions you might have.
We're gratified to be at the forefront of strategic philanthropy, and we look forward to working with you to realize your charitable goals.
Schwab Charitable is dedicated to increasing the effectiveness of American philanthropy. To that end, we offer Schwab Charitable Fund, a leading national donor-advised fund, and Charitable Trust Services.
Through the generosity of our donors, Schwab Charitable has raised over $3 billion for philanthropy, issuing more than 200,000 grants to over 35,000 public charities--a total of over $1 billion distributed to charities throughout the country.
We have developed a strategic approach to philanthropy to help you frame, develop, and fulfill your charitable goals. And we work hard to provide you with intelligent, useful, and ethical advice, delivered in the way that works best for you: we offer technologically advanced options for managing your philanthropy online, but we also have a helpful, knowledgeable staff ready to answer any questions you might have.
We're gratified to be at the forefront of strategic philanthropy, and we look forward to working with you to realize your charitable goals.
Trucost
Trucost
With the world's most comprehensive data on corporate environmental impacts, Trucost provides investors, fund managers and companies with:
In order to deliver this, Trucost has developed a comprehensive approach to calculating quantitative environmental impact information.
Trucost’s environmental data model accounts for 464 industries worldwide, and tracks over 700 environmental impacts, from carbon and other greenhouse gases to water, waste, metals and chemicals. To assess a company’s environmental impacts, Trucost initially analyses the publicly available financial information from the company, in order to establish which industries the company is operating in. Trucost’s data model can then predict the environmental impact of the company, based on Trucost’s understanding of the industries it which it operates.
At this point, things get really interesting. Trucost enhances its data model by incorporating reported environmental data for each company, as available from the company’s own public and private disclosures. Trucost then provides each analyzed company with standardized, best practice environmental impact data for its global operations, and gives them the opportunity to respond with more information, which is then incorporated into the company profile. These disclosures are unique to Trucost, and enable the Trucost data model to be refined with actual information.
Once the data on a company has been fleshed out to the extent possible, Trucost can then generate information on a company's environmental impacts, assess which areas of operations need to be prioritised to reduce impacts, and enable comparisons with other companies in the same or other sectors.
With the world's most comprehensive data on corporate environmental impacts, Trucost provides investors, fund managers and companies with:
- The most efficient approach to measuring carbon and wider environmental impacts across investment portfolios, organizations and supply chains
- Clear identification of prioritized focus areas for reducing environmental impacts
- Validation of source data, including completion of gaps in data which are currently not being tracked or reported on
- Comparison of environmental performance against peers, sectors and investment benchmarks
- The ability to create environmentally-tilted investment products.
In order to deliver this, Trucost has developed a comprehensive approach to calculating quantitative environmental impact information.
Trucost’s environmental data model accounts for 464 industries worldwide, and tracks over 700 environmental impacts, from carbon and other greenhouse gases to water, waste, metals and chemicals. To assess a company’s environmental impacts, Trucost initially analyses the publicly available financial information from the company, in order to establish which industries the company is operating in. Trucost’s data model can then predict the environmental impact of the company, based on Trucost’s understanding of the industries it which it operates.
At this point, things get really interesting. Trucost enhances its data model by incorporating reported environmental data for each company, as available from the company’s own public and private disclosures. Trucost then provides each analyzed company with standardized, best practice environmental impact data for its global operations, and gives them the opportunity to respond with more information, which is then incorporated into the company profile. These disclosures are unique to Trucost, and enable the Trucost data model to be refined with actual information.
Once the data on a company has been fleshed out to the extent possible, Trucost can then generate information on a company's environmental impacts, assess which areas of operations need to be prioritised to reduce impacts, and enable comparisons with other companies in the same or other sectors.
Henderson
Henderson SRI
A world of opportunity – it's happening at Henderson
Ethical funds, green funds, social funds, socially responsible investment funds. Call it what you will. At Henderson, we use the term Sustainable & Responsible Investment (SRI) to describe our approach to investing which takes explicit account of environmental, social & governance (ESG) issues in the investment process.
Henderson is one of the world’s leading providers of SRI funds with over 30 years experience. We currently manage approximately GBP 581.3 million (as of 30th June 2009) in SRI assets, across a range of pooled (including the Global Care range of funds) and segregated funds for clients including pension funds, local authorities, charities and individuals.
Our unique SRI investment process allows us to achieve long term financial value for our clients by:
A world of opportunity – it's happening at Henderson
Ethical funds, green funds, social funds, socially responsible investment funds. Call it what you will. At Henderson, we use the term Sustainable & Responsible Investment (SRI) to describe our approach to investing which takes explicit account of environmental, social & governance (ESG) issues in the investment process.
Henderson is one of the world’s leading providers of SRI funds with over 30 years experience. We currently manage approximately GBP 581.3 million (as of 30th June 2009) in SRI assets, across a range of pooled (including the Global Care range of funds) and segregated funds for clients including pension funds, local authorities, charities and individuals.
Our unique SRI investment process allows us to achieve long term financial value for our clients by:
- Identifying new investment opportunities driven by global sustainability challenges
- Empowering investors to make choices about how, and where to invest
- Responding effectively to our investors’ values
- Uncovering environmental, social & governance (ESG) business risks and opportunities not revealed through traditional financial analysis
- Contributing to the creation of an environmentally sustainable, and socially responsibly economy and society
2009년 12월 30일 수요일
Generation Investment Management LLP
Generation Investment Management LLP
Overview
Generation is an independent, private, owner-managed partnership with offices in London and New York. The firm was co-founded in 2004 by Al Gore and David Blood.
Sustainable Investing for the Long Term
Generation's investment approach is based on the idea that sustainability factors—economic, environmental, social and governance criteria—will drive a company's returns over the long term. By integrating sustainability issues with traditional analysis, we aim to deliver superior investment returns.
We are closely aligned with our clients, and our performance is measured over the long term.
A Unique Research Platform to Analyze Global Challenges
Generation has built a global research platform to integrate sustainability research into fundamental equity analysis.
We focus on key drivers of global change, including climate change and environmental degradation; macroeconomics, poverty and development; water and natural resource scarcity; pandemics and healthcare; and demographics, migration and urbanization.
These global challenges pose risks and opportunities that can materially affect a company's ability to sustain profitability and deliver returns. Our research plays an important role in forming our views on the quality of the business, the quality of management and valuation.
A Diverse Advisory Board
Our Advisory Board, convened by our Chairman Al Gore, helps set our long term thematic research agenda into global sustainability issues. The Advisory Board is a diverse set of global thinkers who help us anticipate the changing context for business.
Vision
Generation's vision is to mainstream sustainability in the capital markets, and our core values reflect a commitment to responsible citizenship. Five percent of the profitability of the firm is allocated to the Generation Foundation, which will support global non-profit sustainability initiatives.
Overview
Generation is an independent, private, owner-managed partnership with offices in London and New York. The firm was co-founded in 2004 by Al Gore and David Blood.
Sustainable Investing for the Long Term
Generation's investment approach is based on the idea that sustainability factors—economic, environmental, social and governance criteria—will drive a company's returns over the long term. By integrating sustainability issues with traditional analysis, we aim to deliver superior investment returns.
We are closely aligned with our clients, and our performance is measured over the long term.
A Unique Research Platform to Analyze Global Challenges
Generation has built a global research platform to integrate sustainability research into fundamental equity analysis.
We focus on key drivers of global change, including climate change and environmental degradation; macroeconomics, poverty and development; water and natural resource scarcity; pandemics and healthcare; and demographics, migration and urbanization.
These global challenges pose risks and opportunities that can materially affect a company's ability to sustain profitability and deliver returns. Our research plays an important role in forming our views on the quality of the business, the quality of management and valuation.
A Diverse Advisory Board
Our Advisory Board, convened by our Chairman Al Gore, helps set our long term thematic research agenda into global sustainability issues. The Advisory Board is a diverse set of global thinkers who help us anticipate the changing context for business.
Vision
Generation's vision is to mainstream sustainability in the capital markets, and our core values reflect a commitment to responsible citizenship. Five percent of the profitability of the firm is allocated to the Generation Foundation, which will support global non-profit sustainability initiatives.
SVT Group
SVT Group
About Us
SVT Group is an advisory firm that provides strategy and tools to measure social and environmental impact and maximize positive impact per dollar. SVT serves funders, investors and enterprises in a variety of industries including environmental sustainability, health and human services, and international sustainable development.
Founded in 2001, SVT Group has worked to further the adoption of social return on investment and other impact management standards. We believe each client is unique, and carefully assess the client's particular context and priorities before recommending a solution. By cultivating and supporting the capacity of organizations to measure, manage, and communicate their positive impact, SVT helps to inform strategy, continuously improve results, and increase financial returns.
Mission & Vision
Make It Rain. Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world. Rain enables diverse ecosystems to flourish, food to grow, bodies to be healthy, and power to be generated. Rain is what happens when evaporated moisture hits a tipping point, condenses into droplets, and falls back to Earth. When there is not enough humidity in the air, rain can't reach the Earth because it evaporates before it touches down.
We see this as a metaphor for the global economy today. Rain is the social, natural and financial capital and humidity is the health, well-being and sustainability of people and nature. Unfortunately when only financial return is considered by managers and investors, places that once had plenty of rain go dry, and the rain that falls doesn't reach the ground, while in other places there is too much rain and people drown. We believe that when people have the skills, tools and information to consider social and environmental as well as financial return, they will create enterprises that ensure there is enough rain for everybody.
At any given time, precipitation covers only about 2% to 5% of the surface of the Earth. Likewise, our goal is to catalyze the adoption of impact management practices by 2% to 5% of the world's enterprises. We believe when this occurs the rest will follow.
Values
As a company, we stand by the following principles:
About Us
SVT Group is an advisory firm that provides strategy and tools to measure social and environmental impact and maximize positive impact per dollar. SVT serves funders, investors and enterprises in a variety of industries including environmental sustainability, health and human services, and international sustainable development.
Founded in 2001, SVT Group has worked to further the adoption of social return on investment and other impact management standards. We believe each client is unique, and carefully assess the client's particular context and priorities before recommending a solution. By cultivating and supporting the capacity of organizations to measure, manage, and communicate their positive impact, SVT helps to inform strategy, continuously improve results, and increase financial returns.
Mission & Vision
Make It Rain. Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world. Rain enables diverse ecosystems to flourish, food to grow, bodies to be healthy, and power to be generated. Rain is what happens when evaporated moisture hits a tipping point, condenses into droplets, and falls back to Earth. When there is not enough humidity in the air, rain can't reach the Earth because it evaporates before it touches down.
We see this as a metaphor for the global economy today. Rain is the social, natural and financial capital and humidity is the health, well-being and sustainability of people and nature. Unfortunately when only financial return is considered by managers and investors, places that once had plenty of rain go dry, and the rain that falls doesn't reach the ground, while in other places there is too much rain and people drown. We believe that when people have the skills, tools and information to consider social and environmental as well as financial return, they will create enterprises that ensure there is enough rain for everybody.
At any given time, precipitation covers only about 2% to 5% of the surface of the Earth. Likewise, our goal is to catalyze the adoption of impact management practices by 2% to 5% of the world's enterprises. We believe when this occurs the rest will follow.
Values
As a company, we stand by the following principles:
- Add value to the customer. SVT provides high value per dollar services and tools in the eyes of our customers. Learn more about our impact
- Harness the collective wisdom of people globally. Our work touches on and draws from a global brain trust.
- Excel in design and communication.
- Reject complacency. At SVT, we continually search for new knowledge and better techniques. Want to help us get better? Tell us about your ideas
B Corporation
B Corporation
What are B Corporations?
B Corporations are a new type of corporation which uses the power of business to solve social and environmental problems. B Corporations are unlike traditional responsible businesses because they:
What are the Benefits of Becoming a B Corporation?
As a B Corporation, you differentiate your business from the growing barrage of green- and cause-marketing campaigns and stand out as a leader in the market, creating a clear path for others to follow. You also embed your values into your corporate governing documents so they can survive new investors, new management and even new ownership.
As the B Corporation community grows, your company will benefit from the:
How to Become a B Corporation?
To become a B Corporation, you have to do two things:
First, meet comprehensive and transparent social and environmental standards via the B Rating System.
What are B Corporations?
B Corporations are a new type of corporation which uses the power of business to solve social and environmental problems. B Corporations are unlike traditional responsible businesses because they:
- Meet comprehensive and transparent social and environmental performance standards.
- Institutionalize stakeholder interests.
- Build collective voice through the power of a unifying brand.
What are the Benefits of Becoming a B Corporation?
As a B Corporation, you differentiate your business from the growing barrage of green- and cause-marketing campaigns and stand out as a leader in the market, creating a clear path for others to follow. You also embed your values into your corporate governing documents so they can survive new investors, new management and even new ownership.
As the B Corporation community grows, your company will benefit from the:
- Billions of dollars of collective market presence created by thousands of B Corporations speaking with one powerful voice.
- Millions of dollars spent each year promoting B Corporations through B Lab, a non-profit organization.
- Resources and information to improve your company's social and environmental performance.
- A community of fellow entrepreneurs who share best practices; consumers looking to support "good companies"; and investors aligned with your company's mission.
How to Become a B Corporation?
To become a B Corporation, you have to do two things:
First, meet comprehensive and transparent social and environmental standards via the B Rating System.
- By meeting these standards, we set a benchmark which distinguishes "good companies" from "good marketing". And we make it easier for consumers and investors to support these companies. more »
- Second, amend your corporate governing documents to incorporate the interests of employees, community and the environment.
- By institutionalizing your values, you make it more likely that those values will survive new investors, new management, and even, someday, new owners.
Monitor Institute
Monitor Institute
Monitor Institute’s mission is to help innovative leaders develop and achieve sustainable solutions to significant social and environmental problems. We do this in three ways:
Like many of the leaders we work with, we believe many of the best solutions for the future are going to be created by novel combinations of people, structures, and ideas. And that’s how we’ve set ourselves up:
Monitor Institute’s mission is to help innovative leaders develop and achieve sustainable solutions to significant social and environmental problems. We do this in three ways:
- We are part consulting firm, drawing on the talents of our own dedicated team and the resources of the global professional services firm, Monitor. We advise innovative leaders of organizations and networks who are interested in pushing the frontier of practice and have high aspirations for maximizing their impact.
- We are part think tank, analyzing and anticipating important shifts in the rapidly changing context that leaders must navigate. We work to understand emerging trends and to identify promising new approaches and innovations in practice.
- We are part incubator of new approaches, designing experiments that identify high-potential opportunities and overcome key barriers to impact. We work with clients and partners to test and prove new models that hold promise for improving existing systems for solving public problems and for producing meaningful social and environmental impact.
Like many of the leaders we work with, we believe many of the best solutions for the future are going to be created by novel combinations of people, structures, and ideas. And that’s how we’ve set ourselves up:
- We have deep expertise and networks in the social sector, philanthropy, and social investing—and we firmly believe that enduring solutions will require the unique capabilities of government and business as well as non-profits and citizens. Our “industry” is social change. We work for a world in which new approaches to problem solving and new applications of existing solutions are developed and implemented on a large scale, capitalizing on the strengths and resources of multiple actors from the social sector, business, and government.
- We are generalists, in that we possess a deep grounding in the basics of strategy, organizations, management, facilitation, and intervention—and we have growing expertise in the cross-cutting areas that meet the emerging needs of innovative leaders (scaling and growth, network effectiveness, market-based solutions, social innovation, impact assessment, and more).
- We are organized as a business in order to best leverage Monitor’s global resources without restrictions—and we operate for public benefit, aiming to advance our mission and to serve the global social-innovation community of which we are a part.
- We are headquartered in the United States—and our work is global, because few of today’s most significant challenges are confined by national borders, and every country will benefit from the best ideas, no matter where they originated.
- We are both an independent legal entity—and part of a large, global firm, allowing us to take advantage of both structures as we work with our clients and partners.
Root Cause
Root Cause
Root Cause, a nonprofit organization, advances enduring solutions to social and economic problems by supporting social innovators and educating social impact investors.
Social innovators are organizations offering effective, results-oriented solutions to social problems – including nonprofits, government agencies, and for-profit enterprises alike.
Social impact investors are individuals, foundations, and corporations whose primary expectation in funding and supporting social innovators is measurable social impact.
Our Vision
Root Cause envisions a world in which the public, private, and nonprofit sectors work together to invest and re-invest in the most efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions to social problems, regardless of organizational structure, ego, or political agenda.
Our Values
Initiatives
We pursue our vision and values through four initiatives:
Consulting
Root Cause offers a unique strategy consulting service to help organizations think and act strategically to maximize social impact. We specialize in developing rigorous business plans focused on growth and sustainability. Root Cause consultants employ the latest management strategies and tools, coupled with knowledge drawn from our own social enterprises, to conduct all phases of the business planning process. Our engagements often include executive coaching for our clients’ leadership teams to ensure timely implementation of the business plan.
Social Impact Research
Social Impact Research (SIR) provides actionable information for the social impact investor. SIR aggregates, analyzes, and disseminates information to help social impact investors identify and support the most effective, efficient, and sustainable organizations working to solve social problems. Modeled after private sector equity research firms, SIR produces research reports, analyzes philanthropic portfolios, and provides educational services for advisors to help their clients make effective and rigorous philanthropic decisions.
Social Innovation Forum
The Social Innovation Forum seeks to build an alternative philanthropic marketplace. We encourage social impact investors to invest and reinvest in innovative, results-oriented organizations who are striving for efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability. Through an annual rigorous selection process, we choose Social Innovators with promising approaches to addressing specific social problems. We provide our Social Innovators with strategy consulting, executive coaching, and introductions to a Philanthropic Investment Community composed of government leaders, foundations, and individual donors who are willing to offer time, talent, relationships, and money.
Public Innovators
Public Innovators, a nonpartisan Root Cause initiative, supports a new wave of government leaders at the city, state, and federal levels who ensure the creation and growth of the most efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions to pressing social problems. Public Innovators builds off of two Root Cause reports: “Social Entrepreneurship and Government: A New Breed of Entrepreneurs Developing Solutions to Social Problems,” published by the Small Business Administration, and “Advancing Social Entrepreneurship: Recommendations for Policy Makers and Government Agencies," a co-publication with The Aspen Institute.
Background
Founded in 2004 by Andrew Wolk, Root Cause has raised more than $22 million in investment and produced seven publications in its pursuit of advancing social innovation. Our clients address issues like youth development, seniors and aging, and economic development. We have developed a network of over 4,500 nonprofit, business, foundation, academic, and government leaders and engaged almost 250 professionally skilled volunteers.
The government and private sectors are increasingly looking to the nonprofit sector for innovative solutions to today’s complex social and economic problems. Social innovators are poised to fill these gaps, but they must first overcome institutional and market challenges – from outdated performance and operation models to a volatile and underdeveloped capital market that makes it difficult to grow to scale. Root Cause supports social innovators and educates social impact investors to overcome these obstacles.
With this preparation, we believe that more organizations will successfully implement business models to operate, develop funding, measure results, and accelerate impact. Increased collaboration among the public, private, and nonprofit sectors will simultaneously facilitate the growth of the social investment market, enabling social innovators to better fill pressing social and economic gaps.
Root Cause, a nonprofit organization, advances enduring solutions to social and economic problems by supporting social innovators and educating social impact investors.
Social innovators are organizations offering effective, results-oriented solutions to social problems – including nonprofits, government agencies, and for-profit enterprises alike.
Social impact investors are individuals, foundations, and corporations whose primary expectation in funding and supporting social innovators is measurable social impact.
Our Vision
Root Cause envisions a world in which the public, private, and nonprofit sectors work together to invest and re-invest in the most efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions to social problems, regardless of organizational structure, ego, or political agenda.
Our Values
- Focus above all else on the social problem being addressed, regardless of organizational structure (government, for-profit, nonprofit), ego, or political agenda.
- Take a rigorous, thoughtful, and creative approach to work that integrates a broad range of perspectives.
- Strive to integrate practice, applied research, and public policy.
- Take an entrepreneurial, goal-oriented approach to work, with a commitment to integrity, diversity in all forms, and learning by listening, acting, and on-going self improvement.
- Collaborate to support new and existing systems, institutions, and infrastructures in order to provide all types of organizations with access to the information, capital, and tools they need to develop enduring solutions to social problems.
Initiatives
We pursue our vision and values through four initiatives:
Consulting
Root Cause offers a unique strategy consulting service to help organizations think and act strategically to maximize social impact. We specialize in developing rigorous business plans focused on growth and sustainability. Root Cause consultants employ the latest management strategies and tools, coupled with knowledge drawn from our own social enterprises, to conduct all phases of the business planning process. Our engagements often include executive coaching for our clients’ leadership teams to ensure timely implementation of the business plan.
Social Impact Research
Social Impact Research (SIR) provides actionable information for the social impact investor. SIR aggregates, analyzes, and disseminates information to help social impact investors identify and support the most effective, efficient, and sustainable organizations working to solve social problems. Modeled after private sector equity research firms, SIR produces research reports, analyzes philanthropic portfolios, and provides educational services for advisors to help their clients make effective and rigorous philanthropic decisions.
Social Innovation Forum
The Social Innovation Forum seeks to build an alternative philanthropic marketplace. We encourage social impact investors to invest and reinvest in innovative, results-oriented organizations who are striving for efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability. Through an annual rigorous selection process, we choose Social Innovators with promising approaches to addressing specific social problems. We provide our Social Innovators with strategy consulting, executive coaching, and introductions to a Philanthropic Investment Community composed of government leaders, foundations, and individual donors who are willing to offer time, talent, relationships, and money.
Public Innovators
Public Innovators, a nonpartisan Root Cause initiative, supports a new wave of government leaders at the city, state, and federal levels who ensure the creation and growth of the most efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions to pressing social problems. Public Innovators builds off of two Root Cause reports: “Social Entrepreneurship and Government: A New Breed of Entrepreneurs Developing Solutions to Social Problems,” published by the Small Business Administration, and “Advancing Social Entrepreneurship: Recommendations for Policy Makers and Government Agencies," a co-publication with The Aspen Institute.
Background
Founded in 2004 by Andrew Wolk, Root Cause has raised more than $22 million in investment and produced seven publications in its pursuit of advancing social innovation. Our clients address issues like youth development, seniors and aging, and economic development. We have developed a network of over 4,500 nonprofit, business, foundation, academic, and government leaders and engaged almost 250 professionally skilled volunteers.
The government and private sectors are increasingly looking to the nonprofit sector for innovative solutions to today’s complex social and economic problems. Social innovators are poised to fill these gaps, but they must first overcome institutional and market challenges – from outdated performance and operation models to a volatile and underdeveloped capital market that makes it difficult to grow to scale. Root Cause supports social innovators and educates social impact investors to overcome these obstacles.
With this preparation, we believe that more organizations will successfully implement business models to operate, develop funding, measure results, and accelerate impact. Increased collaboration among the public, private, and nonprofit sectors will simultaneously facilitate the growth of the social investment market, enabling social innovators to better fill pressing social and economic gaps.
FSG Social Impact Advisory
FSG Social Impact Advisory
FSG Social Impact Advisors is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization, founded in 1999 as Foundation
Strategy Group by Mark Kramer and Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter.
FSG is dedicated to accelerating social progress by advancing the practice of philanthropy and corporate social responsibility in three ways:
FSG Social Impact Advisors is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization, founded in 1999 as Foundation
Strategy Group by Mark Kramer and Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter.
FSG is dedicated to accelerating social progress by advancing the practice of philanthropy and corporate social responsibility in three ways:
- Advice. We offer consulting services—on strategy and implementation, evaluation, organizational alignment, and corporate social responsibility—that help individual foundations, corporations, and nonprofits increase their effectiveness and social impact. Our international team of full-time consultants – drawn from the world's top strategy consulting firms – has a deep understanding of both the nonprofit and for-profit sectors, complemented by specialized expertise on specific issues such as education, domestic and international health, and social services, as well as evaluation and social investing.
- Ideas. Breakthrough ideas are at the core of what we do, from our original writing on the ways foundations can create value, to our more recent work on evaluation, corporate social responsibility, and community foundation sustainability. We invest heavily in research to learn and to develop new ideas that help both our clients and the field to excel. Our thinking is featured in such publications as Harvard Business Review, Stanford Social Innovation Review, and The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
- Action. When our consulting and research identify areas of field-wide significance in which we believe our skills can make an important contribution, we undertake multi-year initiatives in collaboration with external partners, guided by expert advisory boards, and supported by major funders. These action initiatives may result in research reports, conferences, or even the establishment of new organizations to meet specific needs within the field. Our goal is to advance the field by creating tools, identifying best practices, and fostering constructive collaboration to accelerate the pace of social progress.
What Is Web 2.0 by O'Reilly Media
Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software
by Tim O'Reilly
09/30/2005
Oct. 2009: Tim O'Reilly and John Battelle answer the question of "What's next for Web 2.0?" in Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On.
The bursting of the dot-com bubble in the fall of 2001 marked a turning point for the web. Many people concluded that the web was overhyped, when in fact bubbles and consequent shakeouts appear to be a common feature of all technological revolutions. Shakeouts typically mark the point at which an ascendant technology is ready to take its place at center stage. The pretenders are given the bum's rush, the real success stories show their strength, and there begins to be an understanding of what separates one from the other.
Read More
by Tim O'Reilly
09/30/2005
Oct. 2009: Tim O'Reilly and John Battelle answer the question of "What's next for Web 2.0?" in Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On.
The bursting of the dot-com bubble in the fall of 2001 marked a turning point for the web. Many people concluded that the web was overhyped, when in fact bubbles and consequent shakeouts appear to be a common feature of all technological revolutions. Shakeouts typically mark the point at which an ascendant technology is ready to take its place at center stage. The pretenders are given the bum's rush, the real success stories show their strength, and there begins to be an understanding of what separates one from the other.
Read More
2009년 12월 29일 화요일
Philanthropy’s New Passing Gear: Mission-Related Investing
Philanthropy’s New Passing Gear: Mission-Related Investing
A Policy and Implementation Guide for Foundation Trustees
Visit Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors and Download the Original PDF
A Policy and Implementation Guide for Foundation Trustees
Visit Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors and Download the Original PDF
<Think Social via Social Media> Presentation at 2009 Net Impact Seoul Year-end Party
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2009년 12월 10일 목요일
Social Investing Summary from BV Map paper
사회적 투자 Social Investing
-정의-
사회적 투자란, 재무적 수익과 사회적/환경적 가치 창출을 동시에 추구하는 투자행위를 일컬으며, 크게 두 가지 카테고리로 나눌 수 있다:
1. 사회책임투자 (Socially Responsible Investing, SRI)
: 기존의 시장 메커니즘을 활용하여 (뮤추얼 펀드, 주식 투자 등) 시장 수준의 수익을 내는 것을 추구하는 가운데 투자결정에 있어 환경 및 사회적 가치 요소 반영과 주주 참여 허용 등의 방법을 통해 사회적 목적을 달성한다.: 이러한 투자를 직접 실행하고 운영하는 금융기관 및 주요 대형투자자(연금 기관 및 각종 재단)들을 그 예로 들 수 있다.
2. 지역 및 DBL 투자 (Community and Double Bottom Line Investing)
: 투자의 기본목적은 수익보다도 사회적/환경적 가치를 창출해 내는데에 있다.: 주요 쟁점사항으로는 창출된 사회적 가치의 측정 기준 및 사회적 가치 생산을 근거로 한 시장 디스카운트 허용 여부 등이 있다.: 지역 개발 프로젝트 등에 필요한 자금을 조달하는 각종 조직들을 중요한 사례로 들 수 있다.
-개괄-
사회적 투자는 20세기 초 종교 기관들이 자신들의 투자 포트폴리오에서 담배, 주류, 도박 등의 소위 죄악주를 배제시키며 처음 시작, 이후 다양한 형태로 꾸준히 성장하였다. 선도적인 예로는 Amy Domini가 런칭한 Domini Social Index Fund를 들 수 있다.
Social Investment Forum에 따르면 (사회적 투자의 중요한 기준인) 스크리닝 및 주주 참여 기준을 이용하여 전문적으로 운용되는 투자 포트폴리오의 규모는 2003년까지 22조달러 규모로, 미국에서 운용되는 자산의 11%에 달한다.
최근 펴낸 논문에서 Rob Bowers는 사회책임투자를 "자산 종류가 아닌 투자 원칙"이라고 강조하며 "스크리닝 기법을 이용하는 가운데 기업의 행위에 영향을 미치고 나아가 일련의 목적을 달성하기 위한 적극적 참여를 허용하는 투자 방법"으로 설명한다.
영국의 John Kingston은 사회적 투자를 이해하기 위해 흥미로운 프레임워크를 고안했는데, 이는 한 축은 공익적(altruistic or charitable)-영리적(commercial or capitalist), 다른 한 축은 참여도(involvement)의 높음-낮음으로 구성된다.
또한 Social Investment Forum에 따르면 지역투자 프로젝트 등에 투입되는 자산 규모는 2001년부터 2003년 사이 약 두배로 뛰는 증가세에 있는데 이러한 자금을 받는 주요 조직으로는 지역개발은행(Community Development Banks), 지역개발신용조합(Credit Unions), 지역개발 대출펀드(Loan Funds), 지역개발 벤처캐피탈펀드(Venture Capital Funds)등이 있다.
1977년 상원이 발의한 지역재투자법(Community Reinvestment Act, 이하 CRA)는 은행 등의 주요 자금 대여자들로 하여금 각 지역의 저소득층이 필요한 자금을 공급받는 것을 주 내용으로 한다. 이후 지역개발기업 및 지역개발금융기관(이하 CDFI)들이 급격히 성장하는데, CDFI의 미션은 저소득 가구와 지역에 대출과 금융 서비스를 지원함으로써 경제적 자립을 도모하는 것을 근간으로 한다. 이는 궁극적으로 투자의 임팩트가 지역 내의 경제에 다시 반영됨으로써 자금흐름의 선순환구조 성립을 지향한다.
Ford 재단의 리포트는 지역개발금융 발전을 위한 네 가지 전략을 제시한다:
- 시장시세 수준의 자금을 투자될 수 있는 혁신적인 금융 상품과 프로세스 개발
- CDFI에 지원되는 자금에 대한 시장 디스카운트와 보조금 확대
- CDFI의 효율성 제고와 스케일 강화
- 법률, 규제, 환경 등의 시장차별 완화를 위한 지속적인 지원
또한 CDFI의 자금 외에도, 상당수의 사모펀드 투자자들은 DBL(Double Bottom Line) 펀드 등을 통해 자금을 모아 주요 기관 투자 풀을 형성해가는 동시에 다양한 초기 벤처사업에 투자하고 있다. RISE(Research Initiative on Social Entrepreneurship) 리포트는 이러한 펀드들 가운데 약 20억 달러가 사회 및 환경상의 목적을 갖는 기업에 투자되고 있다고 밝히며 SI 시장을 크게 네 가지로 분류한다:
- 기업윤리나 지배구조에 중점을 두는 (제품이나 서비스가 아닌 기업의 소유주체나 경영 방법 등을 기준으로 사회적 목적 실현 여부를 판단함) 시장이 가장 큼
- 산업에 중점을 두는 (친사회적 또는 친환경적인 제품이나 서비스를 제공하는 기업을 투자대상으로 선발) 투자 자금이 두번째로 큰 시장
- 사회적 미션 실현을 목표로 하는 벤처캐피탈
- 비영리 사회 투자 자금
비록 빠르게 성장하고 있지만, 지역 및 DBL 투자 규모는 전체 시장에 비해 비교적 작고 혁신적인 기법이 도입될 여지가 많이 남아있다.
-SRI에 관한 주요 이슈-
- CSR/SRI와 재무적 수익 간의 연결
기업의 CSR 활동과 재무적 성과 간의 관계에 대해서는 많은 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고 대부분이 긍정적인 결과를 낸다는 데에 동의하지만 아직도 시장에는 많은 회의론적인 시각이 존재한다. 이는 시장에서 모두가 동의하고 널리 활용될 수 있는 기업의 CSR 활동 및 성과의 측정/보고에 적합한 지표가 아직 존재하지 않기 때문이다. 주가가 기업의 미래가치, 재무적 성과 및 기대 수익 등을 반영하는 지표이듯, CSR의 성과를 예측하고 정량화 할 수 있는 적정한 지표개발에 대한 노력이 필요하다.
- 주주참여 허용의 영향
한 논문에 따르면 Fortune의 500대 기업들 중, 주주참여 성향이 강한 공공연금 펀드 등의 지분 비율이 높을 수록 기업의 시장 가치가 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 주주참여행위가 기업의 재무적 성과를 감소시킨다는 것을 뜻하는데 이에 대해 반박론자들은 적극적 주주참여 행위는 성과가 낮고 부적절한 지배구조를 가진 기업을 오히려 퇴출한다고 주장한다. 대표적으로 CalPERS(California Public Employees' Retirement System)는 기업들이 위와 같은 부정적인 부분에 대해 사회적으로 주목을 받고 난 후 1년 후에 S&P 500보다 평균적으로 14% 나은 성장을 보인다는 사실을 지적하며 주주참여행위와 기업의 재무성과 간의 평가에 있어 적절한 기간을 고려해야 한다고 주장한다.
- 리스크
보험회사를 중심으로 기업의 사회 및 환경적 리스크를 보다 세밀히 추적하는 움직임이 활발해지고 있다. 또한 주요 기관 투자자 및 펀드 매니저들 역시 기업의 사회, 환경 및 윤리 분야의 "비재무적" 리스크를 투자기준에 적극 반영하고 있다. 이는 이러한 비재무적 리스크의 비용이, 나이키 불매 운동의 사례에서 보여지듯, 매우 클 수 있음을 시사하며 기업 역시 이러한 리스크 관리를 통해 선제적인 예방조치를 취하는 것이 가능해진다.
- 수탁 책임
수탁책임에 대한 논란은 SRI가 기본적으로 사회적인 수익을 위해 재무적 수익을 희생한다는 믿음에서 발생한다. 비판론자들은 이 점에 있어 펀드매니저들이 최대의 수익을 내도록 수탁받은 자금을 운용해야 하는 책임 위반이 발생한다고 주장하며 또한 SRI에 반영되는 적극적인 정치적/사회적 기준이 펀드매니저들의 수탁책임과 상충할 수 있는 가능성이 잠재한다고 밝힌다.
- 전문가들의 비판
비판론의 중심에는 재무성과, 리스크와 포트폴리오 다각화 이슈가 자리한다. 전문가들은 SRI가 특정 기업을 투자 대상에서 배제함으로써 전체적인 포트폴리오 다각화와 수익을 제한한다고 말한다. 다른 비판으로는 최근 SRI 펀드가 성장세에 중점을 맞추고 있기에 더욱 리스크가 큰 투자수단이라는 점과 전통적인 SRI 수단이 제한되어 있다는 점에서 보다 세밀한 포트폴리오 구성이 어렵다는 점을 들 수 있다.
- SRI와 지역투자의 연계
최근 많은 단체와 투자자들이 SRI와 지역 투자를 연계하기 위한 노력을 시도하고 있다. 대표적인 예로는 Calvert Group과 Domini Social Investments가 있는데 이들은 투자자산의 최소 1%가 지역투자로 흘러들어가는 방침을 세우고 있다.
-지역 투자에 관한 주요 이슈-
- 자금 문제
자금 문제는 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 현재 전체 시장규모에 비해 지역투자의 규모는 현저히 작으며 대부분 CDFI 펀딩에 의존하고 있기에 자금을 조달하는데에 있어 그 규모와 방법에 있어 여러가지 한계에 부딪치고 있다. 또한 조달된 자금을 어떻게 배분할 것인지에 대해서도 많은 장벽이 존재하고 있다.
- 주요 장벽
많은 CDFI가 당면하고 있는 과제는 크게 전문적인 운용인력의 고용 및 보유에 관한 운영상의 문제, 그리고 부족한 지원금 활용에 대한 효율성의 문제로 나눌 수 있다. 또한 많은 CDFI들이 브로커나 딜러들에게 그들 대신 지역투자수단을 운용하는데 있어 수수료 및 커미션을 지불할 여력이 부족하다. 이러한 문제들은 지역투자가 시장의 주요흐름을 형성하는데 중요한 걸림돌이다.
- 세금 감면 및 정책적 지원의 역할
현재까지는 많은 지역개발 금융 및 프로젝트들이 다양한 세금 및 보조금 정책과 지원을 통해 성장했다. 이러한 점에서 정부의 공공 정책이 지역개발금융과 CDFI의 성장에 결정적인 역할을 하는데, 대부분의 관련 기관들은 로비활동을 하기에 충분한 자원 및 여력 부족 현상을 겪고 있다. 또한 최근 정부의 보조 예산이 감소하면서 많은 CDFI가 새로운 투자를 찾아야 하는 어려움을 겪고 있다.
- 지역 개발의 역할
대부분의 지역개발기업이 주택공급에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 점에서 그 역할에 대해 의문이 제기되어왔다. 이러한 경향은 부동산 투자에 지나친 쏠림 현상을 가져와 좀더 다양한 형태의 지역개발 프로그램 및 금융수단이 도입이 저해되는 부정적 가능성이 있다는 점에서 주의를 기울여야한다.
2009년 12월 3일 목요일
Social Impact Bonds
Social Impact Bonds & Social Value
영국의 Young 재단과 소셜 파이낸스에 의해 개발되고 있는 "사회영향채권"은 사회적으로 유용하고 바람직한 결과를 내기 위해 고안된 새로운 금융 분야라고 할 수 있다. 다양한 사회적 과제(실업, 범죄 등)를 해결하는 프로젝트에 자금을 투입함으로써 정부의 공공비용 지출을 민간이 나누는 동시에 사회적 문제점의 해소 및 개선을 목표로 한다.
*Overview*
Social Impact Bonds are a financial tool being developed in the UK (by the Young Foundation and Social Finance) to provide a new way to invest money in social outcomes. Their key innovation is to link three elements:
• investments (by commercial investors or foundations);• a programme of actions to improve the prospects of a group (for example 14-16 year olds in a particular area at risk of crime or unemployment); and• commitments by national government to make payments linked to outcomes achieved in improving the lives of the group (for example, lower numbers in prison, and lower benefits payments).
Various versions of social impact bonds have been developed in the past by a number of people associated with the Young Foundation. More recently work has been done as part of the Innovation, Justice and Youth programme, building on concepts associated with ‘justice reinvestment'. The concept is now being developed in collaboration with national and local government as well as foundations and we hope that a version of the model will be piloted shortly.
IGNIA: investing in the base of pyramid
IGNIA: investing in the base of pyramid
IGNIA는 라틴아메리카 지역내의 최초 소셜 벤처 캐피탈 회사로 라틴 아메리카의 건강하고 지속가능한 사회-경제적 기반 (의료, 농업, 주택 등의 분야) 건설에 참여하는 기업들에 투자함으로써 투자활동의 사회적 임팩트와 선순환적 가치 창출 극대화를 도모한다.
*overview*
IGNIA is a venture capital investment firm based in Monterrey, Mexico that supports the founding and expansion of high growth social enterprises that serve the base of the socio-economic pyramid in Latin America. By providing effective responses to the enormously underserved needs of low income populations, both as consumers as well as active participants in productive value chains, IGNIA empowers entrepreneurship and generates social impact while creating attractive financial returns for its investors. IGNIA is raising an initial fund of approximately US$75 million.
2009년 12월 1일 화요일
A Place in society: GIIN과 Impact Investing 산업에 대한 Economist 기사
금융 혁신과 빈곤층(Financial Innovation and the poor)
새로운 사회적 자리 (A Place in Society)
새로운 사회적 자리 (A Place in Society)
2009년 9월 25일 | 뉴욕ㅣ 이코노미스트
당신은 금융 혁신이 이미 충분히 사회에 해를 끼쳤다고 생각할 수도 있다. 그러나 은행가, 투자자 및 자선사업가들은 이러한 혁신이 세계의 빈곤층을 돕는데 쓰일 수 있다고 믿는다
많은 사람들이 최근 런던시의 최고 위원인 터너 상원위원이 금융 산업이 "사회적으로 유용한 사이즈를 넘어서" 성장했다는 발언에 동의했다. 담보부채증권이나 신용디폴트스왑 같은 여러 장치들이 덜 부유한 사람들이 주택을 구입할 수 있도록 해주었다는 점을 넘어 하나의 축복이었다는 아이디어는 현재 낡은 것으로 되어버렸다: 이러한 새로운 주택 소유주들 가운데 많은 사람들은 일 뿐만 아니라 집마저 잃었다. 이러한 점에서 현재의 경제 위기가 사회에서 가장 도움이 필요한 사람들에게 금융혁신이 직접 적용될 수 있다는 믿음에 기초한 흐름인 "사회적 금융" 분야에 새로운 기동력을 주었어야 했다는 주장은 매우 흥미롭다.
이번 달에는 사회적 금융의 지지자들이 반길만한 두 번의 행사가 있었다. 9월 1일, 기관 투자자들부터 사회적 기업가들까지 약 900 여명의 사람들이 "사회적 자본 시장"의 구축을 목표로 하는 SoCap의 2009년 회의를 위해 샌프란시스코에 모였다. 이번 행사는 "사회적 주식 거래" 및 "지속가능한 헤지 펀드" 등과 같은 신선한 아이디어와 함께 매우 활발히 진행되었다.
그리고 9월 25일, 뉴욕에서 열린 클린턴 글로벌 이니셔티브(Clinton Global Initiative) 미팅에서는, 글로벌 영향 투자 네트워크(Global Impact Investing Network, 이하 GIIN)의 출범이 예정되어 있었다. 이는 실제로 새로운 자산- 즉, 영향투자-을 만들어 내는 데의 참여로서 사회적 혹은 환경적 공익과 함께 재무적 수익을 추구하는 것이다. 이 네트워크의 약 스무 개 정도의 멤버들 중에는 대형 은행(씨티그룹, 도이체 방크, 제이피 모건 등), 자선 단체 (빌 & 멜린다 게이츠 재단과 록펠러 재단 등), 아프리카와 인도 등지에 의료 서비스와 식수 등을 제공하는 기업에 자선 기부로 투자하는 아큐먼 펀드(Acumen Fund) 및 앨 고어가 공동설립한 환경 관련 펀드 운용사인 제너레이션 인베스트먼트 매니지먼트 (Generation Investment Management) 등이 있다.
GIIN과 새로운 활력
GIIN의 목적은 성과지표와 공동용어를 개발하고 관련 법과 규제를 로비하는데 무엇이 효과적인지에 대한 정보를 공유하는 것이다. 이러한 조직의 출범은 경영 컨설팅 회사인 모니터 그룹의 리서치를 담당하는 모니터 기관(Monitor Institute)이 올해 초에 발행한 리포트에서 지적한 선취과제였다. 보고서는 이러한 조직이 성공한다면 향후 5년에서 10년 내, 영향 투자가 2008년 전세계적으로 관리되는 총 자산의 1%인 5천억 달러 규모로 성장할 것이라고 전망했다.
이러한 사회적 금융에 대한 관심의 증가는 여러가지 흐름의 산물이다. 첫째로, 금융 산업과 고객들은 자본을 늘리고 선을 행하는 것을 동시에 할 수 있는 방법을 찾고 있다. 많은 영향 투자는 선진국보다 더욱 빠른 성장이 예상되는 신흥 경제 시장에서 일어나고 있다. 이러한 투자들은 다른 자산과 상호 관련이 없기도 하며 따라서 투자분산과 리스크 감소를 가능하게 해준다. 캘버트 지역 투자 채권 (Calvert Community Investment Note)과 같은 영향 투자 상품은 최근의 위기에서도 상대적으로 좋은 수익을 내었고 이로 인해 수요의 증가를 목격했다. 은행들은 또한 매우 절실히 필요한 그들의 이미지 변신을 꾀할 수 있는 기회를 포착했다. 이에 자선 활동은, 특히나 대부호 투자자들이 필요로 하는 역할을 담당한다.
둘째로, 많은 사람들이 선을 행함으로써 수익을 내고 싶어 한다. 최근 영향 투자의 개척자인 캘버트 재단에 의해 후원되는 토털 임팩트 어드바이저(Total Impact Advisors) 및 영국에서 최근 설립된 소셜 파이낸스(Social Finance)등과 같은 여러 "사회적 투자 은행"을 포함하는 특수 중개자들이 시장에 출현했다. 사회적 기업 연구회는 최근 주요 경영대학에서 가장 큰 학생 조직 중의 하나로 올라섰다.
셋째, 삶의 기본 편의를 제공하고 소규모 사업을 영위케하는데 적용될 수 있는 민간 자본과 기술에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 정부지출과 자선 사업으로는 충분하지 않은 것이다. 넷째로는 정부의 장려를 들 수 있다. 미국에서 논란을 불러일으킨 지역 재투자 법안(Community Reinvestment Act)은 (전문가들이 너무나 많다고 말하는) 저소득 지역에의 투자를 고무시켰다. 미 국무부는 사회적 영향의 유용한 평가지표를 개발하려는 GIIN의 노력에 자금 지원을 할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 영국 정부는 2000년 설립한 사회 투자 태스크 포스 팀이 제안한 대로, 사회적 프로젝트에의 민간 투자에 대해 세금 감면과 더욱 우호적인 규제책을 도입했다. 네덜란드에서는 그린 투자의 장려책들이 입법되고 있다.
사회 투자는 새로운 개념이 아니며 사람들은 수년 동안 이를 실행해 왔다. 아마도 가장 공통적인 형태는 투자 포트폴리오에 윤리적 스크리닝을 적용하여 담배 회사, 무기 회사, 카지노, 환경 오염이 큰 기업 및 여러 종류의 부도덕적인 기업들을 퇴출하였던 것이다. 이러한 방법은 기업들이 선을 행하는 것 보다 투자자들의 기분을 좋게할 가능성이 크다는 점에서 이의 장점에 대해 논란이 많다. 그러나 모니터 기관에 따르면, 약 7조 규모의 자산이 이러한 방법으로 스크리닝을 적용받고 있다.
사회적 투자의 다른 주요 종류는 "지역 개발"(특히 저가의 주택공급), 마이크로파이낸스(저소득층을 위한 대출 및 기타 금융서비스)와 "청정" 기술 등이 있다. 지역 투자는 미국에서 2001년부터 2007년 사이 연간 22%의 성장률을 기록, 260억 달러 규모에 이른다. 유럽에서도 비슷한 상황이다. 마이크로파이낸스는 이보다 더 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 소규모대출의 전체 규모는 2001년부터 2006년 사이 연간 44% 증가하여 현재 250억 달러에 도달했다. 청정 기술 투자는 비록 경제 위기와 저가의 원유가 대체에너지 개발을 더디게 하는 바람에 이후 성장이 후퇴했지만, 2007년에만 60%를 성장, 총 1480억 달러 규모에 이른다.
새로운 것은 주류 금융기관과 투자자들이 관심을 보인다는 사실이다. GIIN의 출범에 있어 마이크로파이낸스는 특별한 유인이었는데 이는 예전에 자선 활동이었던 것이 여러 예시들을 통해 매우 수익성이 높은 사업으로 변모했기 때문이다. 더 많은 마이크로파이낸스 기관들이 씨티그룹과 같은 은행들이 마련하는 증권화의 수단을 통해 전형적인 자본시장에서의 활로를 찾고 있으며 심지어는 제공상품을 공유하기도 한다. 자선단체에서 출발하여 영리 추구 기업으로 전환한 멕시코의 마이크로파이낸스 회사인 꼼파르타모스 은행(Compartamos Banco- 주: compartamos의 compatir 는 영어로 share라는 뜻)은 2007년 매우 성공적인 기업공개를 할 수 있었다. 눈에 띄는 실리콘 밸리 벤처 캐피탈 회사인 세쿼이어 캐피탈 (Sequoia Capital)은 향후 주식 발행이 예상되는 인도의 마이크로파이낸스 회사인 SKS에 대한 투자로부터 상당한 이윤을 거둘 것으로 보인다.
마이크로파이낸스를 통해 성공을 거두고 싶어하는 투자자들은 점차 늘어나고 있는 추세지만, 그들은 대출보다는 주식을 이용하려고 한다. 한 가지 예로 꼼파르타모스 은행에의 투자로 성공을 거둔 마이크로파이낸스 기관들의 비영리 네트워크 조직이었던 액시온(Accion)의 전 회장 알바로 로드리게즈 아레기(Alvaro Rodriguez Arregui)와 우량 사모 자본 회사였던 콜베르, 크래비스 & 로버츠(Kholberg, Kravis & Roberts)의 전 회장 마이클 추(Michael Chu)가 2007년 함께 설립한 투자회사인 IGNIA를 들 수 있다. IGNIA는 (멕시코의 병원 체인인 Primedic에 의해 이미 지원을 받고 있는) 기본 의료지원, 유기농 식품, 주택, 정수 및 에너지와 같은 분야의 영리 기업들에게 투자하기 위해 7500만 달러를 조달했다. 또 다른 예로는 아프리카의 소규모 비즈니스에 주로 투자를 하는 GroFin이 있다. GroFin은 세계적인 정유 회사인 로얄 더치 셸(Royal Dutch Shell)의 자선 사업 부분으로 출발했지만 곧 영리 법인으로 전환했다. 2008년 GroFin은 총 1억 7천만 달러에 이르는 회사로서 최대 규모의 펀드를 조성하는데 성공했다.
더욱 혁신적인 아이디어는, 아마도, 소셜 파이낸스(Social Finance)의 발명품인 "사회 영향 채권"(Social Impact Bond)일 것이다. 기본 아이디어는 공적 자금을 잡아먹는 굳게 뿌리내린 문제를 해결하기 위해 민간 자본을 끌어들이는 것이다. 예를 들어보면, 영국 정부는 석방된 죄수들이 재범을 저지르는 문제에 대해 매년 수백만 파운드의 돈을 쓰고 있다. 사회-영향 채권은 이러한 재범률을 낮추는 전문가들이 모인 조직이 성장하는데 필요한 자금을 모을 수 있다. 이러한 조직들이 정부의 예산을 아껴주는 만큼, 투자자들이 얻는 채권의 수익은 더 높아질 것이다. 이는 기존의 공공-민간 협력 관계를 넘어서는 것으로 더 적은 비용으로 국가가 제공하는 것과 동일한 사회적 서비스를 기대할 수 있다. 사회-영향 채권은 단순히 비용을 줄이는 것 뿐만 아니라 더 나은 사회적 이익으로 환원되는 것이다.
소셜 파이낸스(Social Finance)는 이러한 사회-영향 채권이 여러 공공 서비스에 적용될 수 있다고 생각한다. 범죄자들의 재범 문제를 해결하는 것을 넘어, 이는 어린이들에 대한 거주 간호(residential care- 주: 영국에서는 어린이나 정신장애자에게 보호시설을 제공하는 것을 이렇게 부름) 요구를 줄이거나 지역 기반 의료 시설을 확충함으로써 병원들의 부담을 경감시켜줄 수도 있다. 핵심은 성과를 투명하게 측정할 수 있어야 하는 점이며 따라서 계약 관계가 이루어져야 한다. "정부 예산은 점차 빠듯해져 가는 상황에서, 이는 매우 큰 혁신이 될 수 도 있어요" 하고 로널드 코헨 경이 말한다. 그는 소셜 파이낸스의 창립을 제안한 사회적 투자 태스크 포스의 회장을 맡기 전 사모펀드 분야에서 일한 경험이 있다.
전세계적으로 이와 비슷한 아이디어들이 주목을 받고 있다. 그 중에서도 예방접종을 위한 국제 금융 설비를 만들어내는, GAVI 채권(GAVI bond)으로 알려진 몇몇 시도들이 눈에 띈다. 이는 2006년, 공공과 민간 분야의 협력체인 "백신 및 예방접종을 위한 국제 협력기구"가 정부의 지원과는 별개로 백신 접종 프로그램을 펀딩하기 위한 자금을 빌리는 것을 허가하기 위해 탄생하였다. 이 채권은 지금까지 20억 달러가 넘는 기금을 조성하였다. 세계 공중보건 자금지원 기구(The World Sanitation Financing Facility)는 공공 화장실부터 비료 생산에 이르는 총 7개 분야에 민간 투자의 참여가 가능하도록 하는 금융 구조를 설계하는 목적으로 설립되었다.
금융 산업이 로켓 연구라고 한다면, 부유한 자선사업가들의 지원은 그 핵심 연료라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 록펠러재단은 GIIN의 창립에 있어 가장 중요한 동력이었다. 이와 더불어, GIIN의 열정적인 지원자인 게이츠 재단은 그들이 지원하는 분야에의 추가 투자를 위해 혁신적인 금융기법을 적용하는 실험을 시작하였다. 이 재단은 4억달러를 마련, 다양한 종류의 혁신을 통해 그들이 지원하는 단체들을 도울 수 있는 (기존의 두 배에서 다섯배까지인) 상당량의 자금을 정부와 민간 투자자들에게서 이끌어 낼 수 있는지를 보려고 한다. 이러한 혁신들은 기존의 퍼주기 식 선물이나 대출로 취급되지 않는다. 이들은 아주 나쁜 경우가 아니라면 실제적인 손해를 발생시키지 않는 불확정 채무로서 재단의 대차대조표에 기록된다.
또 하나의 아이디어는 채권을 발행하는 차터 스쿨(Charter School- 주: 공적 자금을 받아 교사·부모·지역 단체 등이 설립한 학교)에 보증을 제공함으로써 투자자들이 지나친 리스크 회피를 하지 않도록 도와줄 수 있다. 또는 기증자가 약속한 무상 지원에 대해 보험을 제공하고 정부에게 이를 알려 필요한 돈이 전달될 수 있도록 하는 방법도 있다. 또한 그들은 그들이 자금을 지원하는 국가의 기반시설 프로젝트 등에 대한 사모펀드와 벤처 캐피탈 투자를 장려할 수 있는 혁신적인 방법들을 고안하고 있다.
이 재단은 이러한 노력을 통해 자본 제공자들이 두려움을 극복하고 리스크를 감수하는 것을 장려되기를 희망한다. 재단의 최고재무관리자인 알렉스 프리드먼은 다음과 같이 말한다: "우리는 이 분야에, 즉 지속가능한 사업에 자본이 있다는 사실을 민간 자본 시장에 보여주고 싶습니다." 이러한 새로운 시도는 그들이 향후 널리 퍼질 수 있다고 믿는 모델인 "빈곤층을 위한 상업은행처럼 재단을 운영"하는 것을 가능하게 할 것이다.
이러한 아이디어와 GIIN 이니셔티브의 성공 여부는 아직 판가름나지 않았다. 예를 들자면, 사회적 영향의 측정은 어렵지만 꼭 필요한 일이다. 캘버트 재단의 최고 운영자인 샤리 베렌바흐는, 비록 그녀 스스로 영향 투자 산업에 가능성이 있다고 믿으면서도, 투자자들이 개발도상국 내 중소기업에의 투자 수익과 리스크에 대해 매우 순진한 기대를 갖고 있다고 지적한다.
로널드 경은 긍정적인 입장을 가지고 있다. "이들은 1980년 대, 사모펀드 시장이 막 성장하기 직전을 떠올리게 합니다," 하고 그는 밝힌다. 시장이 본격적으로 형성될 수 있었던 것은 다양한 사모펀드 기업들이 모여서 네트워크를 형성한 시점이었지, 그들이 산업 발전에 필요한 요구사항의 기준을 설립하고 이를 시장 규제자들에게 한 목소리로 요구해서가 아니었던 것이다. 그는 현재의 영향 투자 산업도 이와 동일하게 진행되기를 희망한다. GIIN의 한 투자자가 말하듯, 진짜 시험대에 오를 문제는 "사람들이 스스로 책임을 질 지 여부에 달려있다. 이러한 실험들이 성공하는 것을 함께 목격하고 싶은가?"이다.
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